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What Access Control Systems Are and How They Help Manage Building Entry


Managing who can enter a building is a core requirement of modern security. For offices, commercial properties, residential complexes, and public facilities, building entry management is no longer limited to locking and unlocking doors. 

It now involves visibility, accountability, and consistent control across every access point.

Traditional locks and physical keys were designed for simpler environments. As buildings increase in size, occupancy, and security requirements, these methods become difficult to manage. 

Keys can be lost, copied, or shared, while sign-in books provide limited information and no real-time oversight. Updating physical locks when access needs change is also time-consuming and costly.

Modern access control systems provide a structured and reliable alternative. They allow organisations to manage building entry digitally, monitor access activity, and respond quickly to changes in staffing, visitors, or security risk. 

In Western Australia, building owners must also consider safety and compliance obligations, with guidance provided through WA Government building legislation resources.

This article explains what access control systems are, how building entry management works, and why these systems play an essential role in maintaining safe, well-managed buildings.

What Is an Access Control System?

An access control system is a security solution that regulates who is permitted to enter a building, room, or restricted area. Instead of relying solely on physical keys, access is granted using digital credentials managed through software-based rules.

Common credentials include:

  • Swipe cards or key fobs

  • PIN codes

  • Biometric identifiers such as fingerprints or facial recognition

  • Mobile credentials stored on smartphones

Access permissions are configured by an administrator and assigned based on predefined rules. These rules may relate to job role, access level, time of day, or specific areas within a facility. Because permissions are managed digitally, access can be updated instantly without replacing locks or reissuing physical keys.

Key Components of an Access Control System

Most building entry systems consist of several core components working together:

  • Credential readers: Devices that scan cards, fobs, biometrics, or mobile credentials

  • Access controllers: Panels that verify credentials against stored permissions

  • Electronic locks or door hardware: Mechanisms that unlock when access is approved

  • Management software: A central dashboard used to assign permissions, view logs, and manage users

Together, these components allow organisations to control entry consistently across multiple doors and locations.

How Building Entry Management Works

Modern building entry management follows a clear and repeatable process each time access is attempted.

  1. A person presents a credential at an entry point, such as a card, PIN, biometric scan, or smartphone.

  2. The system verifies the credentials against stored permissions.

  3. It checks whether the person is authorised to enter that location at that specific time.

  4. If the rules are met, access is granted, and the door unlocks automatically.

  5. If not, access is denied.

  6. The system records the attempt, including the time, location, and outcome.

This entire process takes place within seconds and provides significantly more control and oversight than manual entry methods.

Why Managing Building Entry Matters

Effective building entry management is essential for maintaining safety, security, and operational efficiency. Without clear control over who can enter a building, risks increase, and accountability decreases.

A structured entry management system helps organisations:

  • Prevent unauthorised access

  • Protect staff, visitors, and physical assets

  • Secure sensitive or restricted areas

  • Maintain awareness of who is inside the building

  • Support workplace safety and compliance requirements

Rather than responding to incidents after they occur, access control systems help reduce risk proactively.

Common Types of Access Control Systems

Different buildings have different access requirements. The most common access control methods include the following.

Keypad and PIN Entry

Users enter a numeric code to unlock a door. This method is simple and cost-effective, but it depends on codes being kept confidential and updated regularly when access changes.

Card and Key Fob Systems

Users present a card or key fob to gain entry. These systems are widely used in commercial and office environments because credentials can be issued, disabled, or replaced without changing physical locks.

Biometric Identification

Biometric systems verify identity using fingerprints or facial recognition. Because credentials are unique to each individual, biometric access provides a higher level of security and reduces the risk of credential sharing.

Mobile and Cloud-Based Access

Smartphones act as digital credentials through secure applications. Permissions can be managed remotely, making this option suitable for modern workplaces with flexible staffing or changing occupancy.

Overview of Entry Methods

Entry Method

Ease of Use

Security Level

Typical Use

Numeric Keypad

High

Medium

Small offices

Card or Key Fob

High

Medium–High

Commercial buildings

Biometric

Moderate

High

Restricted areas

Mobile or Cloud

High

High

Modern workplaces

How Access Control Systems Improve Control and Accountability

Digital entry management provides a level of control that physical keys cannot offer. Administrators can define exactly who can access specific areas and adjust permissions instantly when roles or circumstances change.

These systems support better building management by:

  • Restricting access to sensitive zones

  • Applying time-based permissions for staff and visitors

  • Removing access immediately when employment ends

  • Managing contractor and visitor access without issuing permanent credentials

  • Scaling easily as buildings expand or usage patterns evolve

Because access activity is logged automatically, organisations gain reliable audit trails and clear visibility across all entry points.

Integration With Other Security Systems

Many access control systems integrate with other building security technologies, including:

  • CCTV and video surveillance

  • Alarm and intrusion detection systems

  • Visitor management platforms

These integrations allow access events to be reviewed alongside video footage, improving incident investigation and overall security coordination.

Where Access Control Systems Are Commonly Used

Access control systems are used across a wide range of environments, including:

  • Office buildings

  • Commercial properties

  • Apartment complexes

  • Warehouses and storage facilities

  • Schools and healthcare facilities

Each environment benefits from access rules designed around its specific operational and security requirements.

Key Benefits for Organisations

For businesses and property managers, modern building entry management delivers both security and operational advantages, including:

  • Clear oversight of who enters and exits

  • Reduced security and operational risk

  • Improved coordination of staff, visitors, and contractors

  • Accurate access records for audits and compliance

  • Long-term cost efficiency compared to managing physical keys

Over time, these benefits contribute to safer buildings and more efficient property management.

Frequently Asked Questions About Access Control Systems

Are access control systems difficult to use?

Most systems are designed to be straightforward. Users simply present a credential, while administrators manage access through intuitive software dashboards.

Can access control systems integrate with CCTV?

Yes. Many systems integrate with video surveillance, allowing access events to be reviewed alongside recorded footage.

What happens during a power outage?

Most systems include battery backups or fail-safe configurations to maintain controlled access during outages.

Are access control systems suitable for small buildings?

Yes. Scalable solutions are available for small offices and facilities, providing better control than traditional keys without unnecessary complexity.

Summary

Access control systems provide a structured and reliable way to manage who can enter a building and when. By replacing physical keys with digital credentials and rule-based permissions, organisations gain improved security, accountability, and flexibility.

Understanding how access control systems work helps property owners, managers, and decision-makers create safer and more controlled environments. In Perth, experienced providers such as Castle Security support organisations with building entry management solutions tailored to local requirements and conditions.

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